Description:

The Romans eventually subdued the fiercely independent Britons over time, from Julius Caesar's second invasion to the end of Roman rule in 410AD, but they never brought the extremely unruly Scots or the Welsh under their rule. In fact, raids from Scotland (known to the Romans as Caledonia) were so devastating that Emperor Hadrian ordered a wall built to keep them out. This massive wall stretches from the mouth of the River Esk, west of Carlisle, all the way across northern England to a point on the River Tyne somewhat to the east of modern-day Newcastle. The wall, like the Great Wall of China, was only moderately successful in keeping the Scottish Picts at bay and required a small army just to man the many watch towers and encampments. Nevertheless, it remained as a fortified border until the Roman legions abandoned Britain in 410. 

1st edition Feb 2024